{"id":853,"date":"2023-06-26T13:19:11","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T05:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/?p=853"},"modified":"2023-06-26T13:19:11","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T05:19:11","slug":"2-2-2-agi%ef%bc%88artificial-general-intelligence%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/2023\/06\/26\/853\/13\/","title":{"rendered":"2.2.2 AGI\uff08Artificial General Intelligence\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

2.2.2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artificial General Intelligence\uff1aAI systems that are generally smarter than humans\u3002OpenAI\uff1a\u201cPlanning for AGI and beyond\u201d<\/a>
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\u201cSparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4\u201d<\/a>
There is a rich and ongoing literature that attempts to propose more formal and comprehensive definitions of intelligence, artificial intelligence, and artificial general intelligence, but none of them is without problems or controversies. For instance, Legg and Hutter propose a goal-oriented definition of artificial general intelligence: <\/em>Intelligence measures an agent\u2019s ability to achieve goals in a wide range of environments<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>. However, this definition does not necessarily capture the full spectrum of intelligence, as it excludes passive or reactive systems that can perform complex tasks or answer questions without any intrinsic motivation or goal. One could imagine as an artificial general intelligence, a brilliant oracle, for example, that has no agency or preferences, but can provide accurate and useful information on any topic or domain. Moreover, the definition around achieving goals in a wide range of environments also implies a certain degree of universality or optimality, which may not be realistic (certainly human intelligence is in no way universal or optimal). Another candidate definition of artificial general intelligence from Legg and Hutter is: <\/em>a system that can do anything a human can do.<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0However, this definition is also problematic, as it assumes that there is a single standard or measure of human intelligence or ability, which is clearly not the case. Humans have different skills, talents, preferences, and limitations, and there is no human that can do everything that any other human can do. Furthermore, this definition also implies a certain anthropocentric bias, which may not be appropriate or relevant for artificial systems.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cLegg \u548c Hutter \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/em>\u667a\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6db5\u76d6\u667a\u529b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u6216\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf<\/em><\/u>\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u4f9b\u51c6\u786e\u548c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u6216\u6700\u4f18\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u529b\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6216\u6700\u4f18\u7684\uff09\u3002Legg \u548c Hutter \u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1a<\/em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u80fd\u591f\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6216\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u5929\u8d4b\u3001\u504f\u597d\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd8\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u6216\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/em>
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\u300aAI\u65b0\u751f\uff1a\u7834\u89e3\u4eba\u673a\u5171\u5b58\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u300b
\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u5c11\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u800c\u96be\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u8ba2\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/em>
Stuart Russell\uff1a\u201c\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671bAGI\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u51c6 (Benchmarks) \u8f6c\u5411\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u3001\u957f\u65f6\u7a0b\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/em>\u201d
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\u201cArtificial General Intelligence\u00a0\u2014 A gentle introduction\u201d <\/a> \/ \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u201cAGI\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u72b6\u201d<\/a>
\u201cAGI\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5f3aAI\uff08Strong AI\uff09\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7c7b\u4ebaAI\uff08Human-Level AI\uff09\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b8c\u5168AI\u201d\u3001\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u673a\u5668\uff08Thinking Machine\uff09\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08Cognitive Computing\uff09\u201d\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002AGI\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08\u6280\u672f\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684AGI\u6210\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
1.\u5173\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba
2.\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b
3.\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b9e\u73b0
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\u201c\u817e\u8baf\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff1a\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u768471\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u201d<\/a>
AI\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a<\/em>
– \u201c\u72ed\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd”\u00a0Artificial Narrow Intelligence(ANI)\uff1a\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f31\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u64c5\u957f\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\/\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001AlphaGO\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/em>
-\u201c\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u00a0Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)\uff1a\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u80fd\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6bd4\u80a9\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u8003\u5e76\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Linda Gottfredson\u6559\u6388\u628a\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u201d\u5f3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002<\/em>
– \u8d85\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd Artificial Super intelligence(ASI): NickBostrom\u628a\u8d85\u7ea7\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6bd4\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u90fd\u806a\u660e\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u901a\u8bc6\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u201d<\/em>
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\u300a\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u3001\u57c3\u820d\u5c14\u3001\u5df4\u8d6b\uff1a\u96c6\u5f02\u74a7\u4e4b\u5927\u6210 G\u00f6del, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid\u300b
CHAPTER XIX Artificial Intelligence: Prospects
Ten Questions and Speculations
Question: Will Al programs ever become “superintelligent”?<\/em>
Speculation: I don’t know. It is not clear that we would be able to understand or relate to a “superintelligence”, or that the concept even makes sense. For instance, our own intelligence is tied in with our speed of thought. If our reflexes had been ten times faster or slower, we might have developed an entirely different set of concepts with which to describe the world. A creature with a radically different view of the world may simply not have many points of contact with us. I have often wondered if there could be, for instance, pieces of music which are to Bach as Bach is to folk tunes: “Bach squared”, so to speak. And would I be able to understand them? Maybe there is such music around me already, and I just don’t recognize it, just as dogs don’t understand language. The idea of superintelligence is very strange. In any case, I don’t think of it as the aim of Al research, although if we ever<\/em> do reach the level of human intelligence, superintelligence will undoubtedly be the next goal-not only for us, but for our Al-program colleagues, too, who will be equally curious about Al and superintelligence. It seems quite likely that Al programs will be extremely curious about Al in general-understandably.<\/em>
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2\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u6709\u6548\uff1b\u5982\u53d1\u5c04\u706b\u7bad
3\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f52\u7eb3\u6709\u6548\uff1b\u5982\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u6df7\u6c8c
4\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\uff1a\u8d85\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u5f52\u7eb3\u5747\u65e0\u6548\uff1b\u5982\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316
\u5434\u4f2f\u51e1\uff1a\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b<\/a><\/em>
AlphaGo\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u8d25\u68cb\u7c7b\u4e16\u754c\u51a0\u519b\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0cGPT4\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0cAGI\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8d85\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4f7f\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u77e5\uff0c\u7559\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u201d\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.2.2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49 Artificial General Intelligence\uff1aAI systems t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=853"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":855,"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853\/revisions\/855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}