{"id":763,"date":"2023-05-10T14:59:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T06:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/?p=763"},"modified":"2023-07-04T15:26:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T07:26:26","slug":"2-2-1-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/2023\/05\/10\/763\/14\/","title":{"rendered":"2.2.1 AI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5f88\u68d2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u3002<\/em>\u62dc\u4f26\u00b7\u745e\u5e0c\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u54f2\u5b66\u300b06 \u72ed\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u666e\u7c7b\u4e66\u7c4d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300aAI3.0\u300b\uff08Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans\uff09 \u6885\u62c9\u59ae\u00b7\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14 Melanie Mitchell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5168\u4f20\u300b \uff08The Road to Conscious Machines: The Story of Artificial Intelligence\uff09 \u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u4f0d\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947Michael Wooldridge<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u751f\u547d3.0\u300b\u8fc8\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u6cf0\u683c\u9a6c\u514b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300aAI\u65b0\u751f\uff1a\u7834\u89e3\u4eba\u673a\u5171\u5b58\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach\uff09 \u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20 Stuart Russell\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u8bfa\u7ef4\u683cPeter Norvig<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u4eba\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u300b(Quand la machine apprend) \u6768\u7acb\u6606Yann LeCun<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u7ec8\u6781\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5851\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u4f69\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u591a\u660e\u6208\u65af<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annotated History of Modern AI and Deep Learning<\/a> \u8be6\u89e3\u73b0\u4ee3AI\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2<\/a> J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8dcc\u5b9580\u5e74<\/a>\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6d41\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff08\u5176\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edcDNN deep neural network\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– 1943 \u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143 \u76ae\u7279\u65afPitts \u9ea6\u5361\u6d1b\u514bMcCulloch\uff08\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u300a\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– 1949 \u8d6b\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\uff08Hebbian Learning\uff09 \u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d6b\u5e03\uff08Donald Hebb\uff09\u300a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08The Organization of Behavior\uff09\u300b\uff1b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff08supervised learning\uff09 \u4f2f\u52d2\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\uff08Burrhus F. Skinner\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– 1957 \u611f\u77e5\u673a\uff08Perceptron\uff09 \u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u62c9\u7279\uff08Frank Rosenblatt\uff09 \uff0c1962 \u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u62c9\u7279 \u300a\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff08Principles of Neurodynamics: Perceptrons and the theory of brain mechanisms\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– 1974 \u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08backpropagation) \u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\uff08Paul Werbos\uff09\u300aBeyond Regression: New Tools for Prediction and Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences\u300b\uff0c 1985 \u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08connectionist\uff09\u5e76\u884c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\uff08Parallel Distributed Processing\uff09\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08DNN\uff09 \u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9c81\u6885\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\uff08David Rumelhart\uff09\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7\u8f9b\u987f\uff08Geoffrey Hinton\uff09\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\uff08Ronald Williams\uff09”Learning representations by back-propagating errors”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– 1980 CNN\uff08\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edcConvNET Convolutional Neural Network\uff1a\u5377\u79ef\u5c42\u3001\u6c60\u5316\u5c42\u3001\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\uff09\u798f\u5c9b\u90a6\u5f66\uff08Kunihiko Fukushima\uff09\uff0c1989 LeNet-5\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b \u6768\u00b7\u7acb\u6606\uff08Yann LeCun\uff09\uff1b1990 RNN\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc Recursive Neural Network, \uff09\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7\u827e\u5c14\u66fc\uff08Jeffrey Elman\uff09\u827e\u5c14\u66fc\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7b80\u5316\u9012\u5f52\u7f51\u7edc\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– 2017 Transformer\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff08self-attention\uff09 \u963f\u5e0c\u745f\u00b7\u74e6\u65af\u74e6\u5c3c\uff08Ashish Vaswani\uff09\u7b49”Attention is All You Need”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5168\u4f20\u300b\u540e\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u5171\u8fdb\u5348\u9910\u3002\u201c\u6700\u8fd1\u5fd9\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u5979\u95ee\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u4e66\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u79d1\u666e\u4e66\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u591a\uff1f\u4f60\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5f00\u4e86\u4e2a\u73a9\u7b11\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u5f2f\u8def\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5979\u770b\u7740\u6211\uff0c\u8138\u4e0a\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f88\u957f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u60c5\u8282\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u201c\u8d77\u8d77\u843d\u843d\u201d\u3002\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u672a\u95f4\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u800c\u518d\u3001\u518d\u800c\u4e09\u5730\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5b8f\u4f1f\u68a6\u60f3\u89e6\u624b\u53ef\u53ca\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5168\u90fd\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u6551\u836f\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u865a\u5047\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8427\u6761\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d77\u8d77\u843d\u843d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56e0\u800c\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb60\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\u4e25\u91cd\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5c06\u5b83\u5c31\u6b64\u6bc1\u706d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6bc1\u706d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u575a\u5f3a\u5730\u518d\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u8086\u65e0\u5fcc\u60ee\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6218\u7ebf\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u98de\u5feb\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u662f\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u4eba\u4eec\u575a\u51b3\u4e3b\u5f20\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u518d\u5f80\u540e\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6784\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d21\u732e\u975e\u51e1\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300aAI3.0\u300b\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u7b49\u4eba\u57281956\u5e74\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u30022015\u5e74\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e3b\u4efb\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u970d\u7ef4\u8328\u6253\u8da3\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd1955\u5e74\u7684\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8fd8\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u4e2a\u6fc0\u60c5\u6ee1\u6ee1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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