{"id":707,"date":"2023-03-30T14:53:51","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T06:53:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/?p=707"},"modified":"2024-03-08T16:18:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T08:18:59","slug":"2-1-1-4-3-%e3%80%8a%e8%be%be%e5%b0%94%e6%96%87%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%b1%e9%99%a9%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%e3%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/47.92.147.95\/index.php\/2023\/03\/30\/707\/14\/","title":{"rendered":"2.1.1.4.3 \u300a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5371\u9669\u601d\u60f3\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u300a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5371\u9669\u601d\u60f3\u300b\u4e39\u5c3c\u7279\uff081995\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3000\u5fc3\u7075\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c14\u7ae0\u3000\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6f14\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 \u8ffd\u5bfb\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01(Dewey, 1910, p. 34)\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ece\u8fd0\u52a8\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u505a\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u4e48\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u8fd0\u52a8\u7269\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee5\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u5426\u8ba4\u6f14\u5316\u8bba\uff1b\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u552f\u4e00\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u56e0\u7d20\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5584\u7684\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u50cf\u5236\u9020\u54c1\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u6837\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u80fd\u8ba9\u610f\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4f5c\u7528(causal role)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u62c5\u5fc3\u5fc3\u7075\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u7531\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5f52\u7ed3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1a\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u81ea\u8bde\u751f\u65f6\u8d77\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u9876\u591a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u52a0\u5195\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u6548\u679c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 \u901a\u5f80\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u9053<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4ecd\u5c06\u53ea\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u9020\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u4f60\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u4e3b\u987e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u60f3\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u987e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5f97\u51fa\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4eab\u6709\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u539f\u521d\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7ec8\u5f52\u6765\u81ea\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8d4b\u4e88\u8005(Unmeant Meaner)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\uff01<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5df2\u77e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8db3\u591f\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u5236\u9020\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u67d0\u79cd\u8ddf\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u540c\u5c5e\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u591f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5145\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5468\u8fb9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u878d\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u50cf\u4f60\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u591a\u4e8f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u624d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u50cf\u4f60\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u9760\u4efb\u4f55\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9760\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u4e00\u751f\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e16\u754c\u6446\u5728\u5b83\u9762\u524d\u7684\u3001\u4e8b\u5173\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0f\u690d\u7269\u2014\u2014\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6240\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff1b\u5355\u5355\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u770b\u4f5c\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u660f\u8ff7\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u65e0\u9057\u6f0f\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u540c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u5f00\u6398\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u6837\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4f60\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6765\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u80fd\u6c89\u601d\u6216\u60f3\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6765\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u540e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u5438\u6536\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6240\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff08\u6216\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u201d\uff09\u610f\u4e49\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u5224\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u667a\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u662f\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u975e\u5947\u8ff9\u7814\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u8fd9\u7ec4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u6765\u65e0\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u9ad8\u5904\u7684\u8d60\u4e88\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u771f\u5b9e<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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